Most expected Top 10 Interview question and answer for Selenium QA freshers

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Question 1: What is the difference between findElement() and findElements() methods in Selenium WebDriver?

Answer: The findElement() method is used to locate a single web element on a web page based on a specified locator strategy. It returns the first matching element, or it throws a NoSuchElementException if no element is found.
The findElements() method, on the other hand, returns a list of web elements that match the specified locator strategy. If no elements are found, it returns an empty list. This method is useful when there are multiple elements with the same locator strategy, and you need to interact with all of them.

 

Question 2: How do you handle dropdowns using Selenium WebDriver?

Answer: To handle dropdowns in Selenium WebDriver, you can use the Select class. This class provides methods to interact with dropdown elements. You can select an option by visible text, value, or index. Here’s an example:

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;

// Locate the dropdown element
WebElement dropdown = driver.findElement(By.id("dropdownId"));

// Create a Select object
Select select = new Select(dropdown);

// Select an option by visible text
select.selectByVisibleText("Option 1");

// Select an option by value
select.selectByValue("value1");

// Select an option by index
select.selectByIndex(2);

 

Question 3: What is TestNG, and how does it differ from JUnit?

Answer: TestNG is a testing framework for Java that is widely used in Selenium test automation. It provides advanced features and functionalities compared to JUnit.

Some key differences between TestNG and JUnit are:

• TestNG supports more flexible test configurations using annotations like @BeforeSuite, @AfterSuite, @BeforeTest, @AfterTest, etc., allowing better test organization and management.
• TestNG allows test dependencies, where one test method can depend on the successful execution of another test method, providing better control over test execution flow.
• TestNG supports data-driven testing out-of-the-box, allowing tests to be executed with multiple sets of data.
• TestNG has built-in parallel test execution capabilities, enabling tests to run concurrently and reducing execution time.
• TestNG provides richer reporting capabilities, including HTML reports, XML reports, and detailed test logs.
• TestNG offers better support for configuration files, allowing more flexible test suite configurations.

 

Question 4: What are the different types of locators used in Selenium WebDriver?

Answer: Selenium WebDriver supports multiple locator strategies to find elements on a web page. The commonly used locators are:

1. By.id(“id”): Locates elements by their unique ID attribute.
2. By.name(“name”): Locates elements by their name attribute.
3. By.className(“className”): Locates elements by their class name.
4. By.tagName(“tagName”): Locates elements by their HTML tag name.
5. By.linkText(“linkText”): Locates anchor elements by their exact link text.
6. By.partialLinkText(“partialLinkText”): Locates anchor elements by a portion of their link text.
7. By.xpath(“xpathExpression”): Locates elements using XPath expressions.
8. By.cssSelector(“cssSelector”): Locates elements using CSS selectors.

 

Question 5: How do you handle alerts in Selenium WebDriver?

Answer: To handle alerts in Selenium WebDriver, you can use the Alert interface provided by WebDriver. You can perform actions like accepting or dismissing an alert, getting the text of an alert, or sending text to a prompt alert.

Here’s an example of accepting an alert:

import org.openqa.selenium.Alert;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

// Switch to the alert
Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();

// Accept the alert
alert.accept();

 

Question 6: How do you handle frames in Selenium WebDriver?

Answer: To handle frames in Selenium WebDriver, you can use the switchTo().frame() method to switch the driver’s focus to a particular frame. You can switch to frames by index, name, or by locating the frame element.

Here’s an example of switching to a frame by index:

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

// Switch to the frame by index
driver.switchTo().frame(0);

// Perform actions within the frame
driver.findElement(By.id("elementId")).click();

// Switch back to the default content
driver.switchTo().defaultContent();

 

Question 7: How do you handle browser windows or tabs in Selenium WebDriver?

Answer: To handle multiple browser windows or tabs in Selenium WebDriver, you can use the window handles. The window handles are unique identifiers for each window or tab.

Here’s an example of switching to a new window:

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

// Get the current window handle
String mainWindowHandle = driver.getWindowHandle();

// Get all window handles
Set<String> allWindowHandles = driver.getWindowHandles();

// Iterate over the window handles and switch to the desired window
for (String handle : allWindowHandles) {
if (!handle.equals(mainWindowHandle)) {
driver.switchTo().window(handle);
break;
}
}

 

Question 8: How do you perform mouse hover actions using Selenium WebDriver?

Answer: To perform mouse hover actions in Selenium WebDriver, you can use the Actions class. This class provides methods to perform various mouse-related actions, including mouse hover.

Here’s an example of performing a mouse hover action:

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;

// Locate the element to hover over
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));

// Create an Actions object
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);

// Perform the mouse hover action
actions.moveToElement(element).build().perform();

 

Question 9: How do you capture screenshots in Selenium WebDriver?

Answer: To capture screenshots in Selenium WebDriver, you can use the getScreenshotAs() method provided by the TakesScreenshot interface.

Here’s an example of capturing a screenshot:

import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

// Capture the screenshot
TakesScreenshot screenshot = (TakesScreenshot) driver;
File srcFile = screenshot.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);

// Save the screenshot to a desired location
FileUtils.copyFile(srcFile, new File("path/to/screenshot.png"));

 

Question 10: How do you handle synchronization issues in Selenium WebDriver?

Answer: To handle synchronization issues in Selenium WebDriver, you can use implicit waits or explicit waits.

• Implicit Wait: It is a global wait applied to the WebDriver instance. Once set, it remains in effect for the entire duration of the WebDriver instance. Implicit waits instruct the WebDriver to wait for a specified time period for an element to be available or visible before throwing an exception.

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

• Explicit Wait: It is a more granular and flexible wait that allows you to define conditions on a specific element. Explicit waits wait for a certain condition to be satisfied before proceeding further. Conditions can be based on the element’s visibility, presence, clickability, or any custom condition.

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
WebElement element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("elementId")));

By using these synchronization techniques, you can ensure that your test scripts wait for the appropriate conditions, handling any delays or dynamic changes on the web page effectively.

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